130 = 128+2 = 1000 0010 17 = 16+1 = 0001 0001 70 = 64+4+2 = 0100 0110 83 = 64+16+2+1 = 0101 0011So the binary equivalent of 130.17.70.83 is the 32-bit number:
1000 0010 0001 0001 0100 0110 0101 0011
D = 1000 0000 0000 1010 0000 0010 0000 0011 (destination address) M = 1111 1111 1111 1111 0000 0000 0000 0000 (address mask) N = 1000 0000 0000 1010 0000 0000 0000 0000 (network address corresponding to D) N equals (D&M)The boundary between the 1's and 0's in the mask can be used to signify that the prefix/suffix boundary in the destination address is that same location.
128.211.0.0/16 Network Address: 1000 0000 1101 0011 0000 0000 0000 0000 Network Mask: 1111 1111 1111 1111 0000 0000 0000 0000And if one customer needs twelve IP addresses, and another customer needs nine, then the ISP can make these two assignments:
Customer #1 128.211.0.16/28 Network Address: 1000 0000 1101 0011 0000 0000 0001 0000 Network Mask: 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 0000 Customer #2 128.211.0.32/28 Network Address: 1000 0000 1101 0011 0000 0000 0010 0000 Network Mask: 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 0000
Customer #1 128.211.0.16/28 Network Address: 1000 0000 1101 0011 0000 0000 0001 0000 Network Mask: 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 0000The fourteen allowed host addresses are:
1000 0000 1101 0011 0000 0000 0001 0001 1000 0000 1101 0011 0000 0000 0001 0010 1000 0000 1101 0011 0000 0000 0001 0011 1000 0000 1101 0011 0000 0000 0001 0100 1000 0000 1101 0011 0000 0000 0001 0101 1000 0000 1101 0011 0000 0000 0001 0110 1000 0000 1101 0011 0000 0000 0001 0111 1000 0000 1101 0011 0000 0000 0001 1000 1000 0000 1101 0011 0000 0000 0001 1001 1000 0000 1101 0011 0000 0000 0001 1010 1000 0000 1101 0011 0000 0000 0001 1011 1000 0000 1101 0011 0000 0000 0001 1100 1000 0000 1101 0011 0000 0000 0001 1101 1000 0000 1101 0011 0000 0000 0001 1110
105.220.136.100.255.255.255.255.0.0.18.128.140.10.255.255
Binary Decimal Hex 0110 1011 (105) 69 1101 1100 (220) DC 1000 1000 (136) 88 0110 0100 (100) 64 1111 1111 (255) FF 1111 1111 (255) FF 1111 1111 (255) FF 1111 1111 (255) FF 0000 0000 (0) 00 0000 0000 (0) 00 0001 0010 (18) 12 1000 0000 (128) 80 1000 1100 (140) 8C 0000 1010 (10) 0A 1111 1111 (255) FF 1111 1111 (255) FF
69DC:8864:FFFF:FFFF:0:1280:8C0A:FFFF
FF0C:0:0:0:0:0:0:B1becomes
FF0C::B1
130.17.0.0which, in binary, is:
1000 0010 0001 0001 0000 0000 0000 0000becomes this 128-bit sequence:
Binary Hex 0000 0000 0000 0000 (0) 0000 0000 0000 0000 (0) 0000 0000 0000 0000 (0) 0000 0000 0000 0000 (0) 0000 0000 0000 0000 (0) 1111 1111 1111 1111 (FFFF) 1000 0010 0001 0001 (8211) 0000 0000 0000 0000 (0)If we write the address above in full colon hex notation, we get:
0:0:0:0:0:FFFF:8211:0and when we use zero compression on that, it reduces to:
::FFFF:8211:0which is a fairly compact and understandable designation.